In the context of the UN decade of people of African Descent the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment has commissioned a literature review of existing resources on mechanisms of exclusion of people of African descent in Dutch society. Based on a quick scan of more than 600 titles subdivided in policy domains like education, employment, sports, etc. it is argues that this requires a focus on anti-black racism. Anti-black racism as such is in most cases not specifically monitored, research data focusing on discrimination and integration issues often work with broader (and shifting) categories that include people of African descent. The report has policy and research recommendations regarding the need for a thorough evaluation of the changing conceptual framework developed over the past four decades by monitoring institutions and in academic research, and stresses the need to strengthen the awareness of meaning and impact of anti-black racism on people of African descent in the netherlands and on Dutch society as a whole.