Ultraprocessed food consumption and kidney function decline in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Ultra-processing makes food products more convenient, appealing, and profitable. Recent studies show that high ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is associated with the cardio-metabolic disease.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between UPF consumption and risk of kidney function decline in the general population.METHODS: In a prospective general population-based Lifelines cohort from Northern Netherlands, 78 346 participants free of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline responded to a 110-item food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable r... Mehr ...