ICS dissertation of the Radboud University Nijmegen. In this dissertation, new light is shed on the persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands during the German occupation of 1940 till 1945. The study aims to explain the variation that existed among the Dutch municipalities in the percentage of Jews that survived the war. Several causes are taken into account: background characteristics of the Jews themselves, the degree of local pillarization, the relative numbers of local ant-Semites and members of the National Socialist auxiliary voluntary police force, the denomination of the local population, the degree to which the local police force collaborated, the affiliation of the local burgomaster and the behaviour of the regional bureau of the German Sicherheitspolizei. By applying methods and techniques of case-oriented as well as variable-oriented research on archival material that has hardly been used until now, this thesis revises many of the existing ideas regarding the persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands. Includes a summary in English