Subsistence strategies are close related to palaeoenvironment. Climate influences the settlement pattern of the human groups and their subsistence. This work is a multidisciplinary approach. Different methods are used to make reconstitutions of past climate and past environment. At this data, we have integrated a zooarchaelogy study in order to understand how climate influence the subsistence. La Baume de Gigny is a well stratified sequence from 140 ka B.P. to 32 ka B.P. Climate parameters have been estimated with the oxygen isotope from the phosphate tooth enamel of large mammals (Horse, Red deer and Reindeer). The environment has been approached by the use of faunal spectrum, cenogramme, ecological histogram. This study allows to date the middle complex of the Baume de Gigny from OIS 5a (layer XX) to OIS 3 (layer VIII). The pleniglacial of OIS 4 was not registered at this site. The integrated analyse shows the variability of the control of resources, of the site's function and of the pattern of settlements of the franche-comté region during the Moustérien. The sequence of the middle complex shows a slightly cooling trend from layer XX to XVI. The faunal exploitation indicates an increase of the diversity. Nevertheless Red deer and Horses are the main species exploited. When climate become colder, the time of cavity occupation decreases. The site of Vergisson II (Saône et Loire) underline the variability of humans behaviours during the Middle Palaeolithic. The cave occupation of this cave corresponds to the absence of occupation of La Baume de Gigny. Like in the others French sites, the Vergisson II cave delivered stone artefact which corresponds to a "Mousterian charentien de type Quina". Reindeer constitute the main source of meat. To conclude, Oetrange is a natural pitfall which permits to compare data from archaeological and natural site. ; Les économies de subsistances des Hommes préhistoriques sont en étroite relation avec les paléoenvironnements. Ainsi les facteurs climatiques sont prépondérants dans les ...