Higher education for sustainable development in Flanders : balancing between normative and transformative approaches

Abstract: This paper provides critical reflections on higher education for sustainable development (HESD) from a philosophical perspective. A theoretical framework is developed, based on John Deweys thoughts on the aim of democracy and the critical role of education herein, and with specific focus on two constructs: initiative and adaptability and values and virtues. This theoretical framework is used to analyze HESD in Flanders, from a historical and socio-political perspective. The Flemish case shows a gradual evolution from a focus on environmental management on campus, followed by a normat... Mehr ...