This chapter focuses on colonial museum collections in the Netherlands (especially the National Museum of World Cultures, the Tropenmuseum, and the Afrika Museum) and the public discourse and debates surrounding them today. Balkenhol and Modest question how Dutch right-wing populists have called for severe budget cuts to the arts sector. Yet the same populists continue to invest in institutions such as the Tropenmuseum as legacies of colonial grandeur. Populist colonial nostalgia clashes with museum institutions as well as proliferating decolonial initiatives by postcolonial citizens. Within the sometimes conflicting processes of memorialising the colonial past in museums, the authors situate museums at the heart of a broader debate in Dutch society around the ‘afterlives of colonialism’. By looking at museums as contested sites and as fora for public debate, the authors offer insight into the entanglement of race and neoliberal policies in the making of cultural heritage.