The Structure of Challenging Parenting Behavior and Associations With Anxiety in Dutch and Australian Children

Challenging parenting behavior (CPB), a novel construct involving active physical and verbal behaviors that encourage children to push their limits, has been identified as a potential buffer against child anxiety. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the measurement invariance of the Challenging Parenting Behavior Questionnaire (CPBQ4-6) across Dutch and Australian mothers and fathers of preschoolers, (b) examine differences in levels of CPB across mothers and fathers and across countries, and (c) examine whether parents’ CPB predicts less child anxiety symptoms and disorders. Participants were 31... Mehr ...