Modernity of the Bataknese in Tapanuli during the Dutch Colonial and Japanese Occupation Period

Abstract: This paper examines the modernity of the Batak people during the Dutch colonial period and Japanese occupation. The data utilized were derived from both oral and written sources, and a historical research methodology was employed, comprising source collection, source criticism, interpretation, and explanation. The focus of this study revolves around the evolution of Batak modernity, initiated through the introduction of Western education by the colonial administration and missionary endeavors commencing in the mid-19th century. This educational trend persisted during the ethical poli... Mehr ...