This study aims to create a greater understanding of (1) existing unlawful food fraud activity, (2) food fraud vulnerabilities and (3) related network structures within the organic potatoes’, carrots’, and onions’ supply chains. Three types of methodology were applied to meet the aims: (1) an analysis of historical prevalence and patterns of food fraud in the organic sector in general and in the three selected organic chains, (2) a food fraud vulnerability analysis of supply chain actors of the three specific organic supply chains in the Netherlands, and (3) a social network analysis to identify structural characteristics of the three organic supply chains in the Netherlands. Incident analysis using the Decernis food fraud database revealed 201 incidents with organic foods between 2004 and 2021, 47 of which had a food safety component. Most targeted products were plant-based. Key products were fruits (42 cases), cereals and pulses (38 cases),spices/herbs/flavourings (20 cases), vegetables (19 cases), processed food products (14 cases: juice, oil,jam, infant food, tomato paste, wine, etc.), seeds (13 cases), and coconut products (12 cases). Only two organic potatoes’, one organic carrots’, and two organic onions’ incidents were identified in the database. Food fraud vulnerability assessments revealed that the vulnerabilities of the organic potatoes’, carrots’, and onions’ chains to food fraud were fairly like each other, at a low to moderate level. This level was comparableto the level of the previously examined organic bananas’ chains and less vulnerable than the previously examined organic olive oil, eggs’, and pork chains. This all aligns with the low frequency of fraud incidents in the three organic food chains in the Decernis food fraud database. Because of the similarity in food fraud vulnerability level of the three chains under investigation, one supply chain, the organic potato supply chain,was selected for social network analysis. This analysis revealed three distinctive groups among the actors in this ...