Effects of three surfactants on soil wetting and turf performance of a fairway at the Dutch golf course de Pan

This study reports about the applications of soil surfactants to reduce the occurrence of water repellency and to improve the soil wetting of the fairways 5, 7, 11, and 18 of golf course De Pan, located at Bosch en Duin near Utrecht, The Netherlands. The sandy soil of the fairways exhibits a water repellent behavior resulting in a lot of localized dry spots during dry periods in spring and summer. The influence of the treatments on the wetting of the soil was studied by measuring the volumetric water content with a hand-held Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) probe