The Dutch Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Study

In 1965 Hakim and Adams described 6 patients with a mild impairment of the memory, slowness and paucity of thought and action, unsteadiness of gait and unwitling urinary incontinence.' These symptoms had evolved over a period of weeks or a few months. The pneumoencephalogram of these patients showed a quadriventricular hydrocephalus with no air in the cerebral sUbarachnoid spaces. A normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was measured by lumbar puncture. They all dramatically improved on CSF shunting. Hakim and Adams named this syndrome of symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with normal CSF pre... Mehr ...