a With adjustment for age at childbirth, year of childbirth, urbanization, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, maternal infection, epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, history of abortion, history of preterm birth, pregnancy by IVF, nulliparous women, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, placenta or vasa previa, congenital diseases, intrauterine growth restriction, macrosomia, stillbirth, and fetal distress. b Adjustment for pregnancy by IVF excluded. c Women with induction of labor with ≤36 hours of rupture of membranes were excluded from analysis. d Women with a primary cesarean section and women with the position of the baby being the indication for secondary cesarean section were excluded. e To adjust for multiple testing, we considered a P value of <0.008 statistically significant. *Statistically significant. CI, confidence interval; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; IVF, in vitro fertilization; pPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes. (DOCX)