The concept of Dutch disease is not a new concept but it always remains of topicality because the oil expansion in a developing country produces perverse effects in the economy of the country which results in the contraction of the sectors producing exchangeable goods apart from the sector into boom and the development of sectors producing non-exchangeable goods. This thesis proposes in the light of economic theories, to analyze the impact that the oil exploitation in Chad will have on its economy under the problems of the Dutch disease. Despite several tergiversations, Chad ended up exploiting its oil by implementing a structural framework for the management of the oil incomes although constantly violated. The country is the victim of its lack of experience and organization in the oil sector because the benefit drawn during the construction period of oil infrastructures is weak for the national economy. Furthermore, the project put into place to alleviate the perverse effects of the oil production in the oil area didn't have the expected results considering the complexity of the rural environment and the lack of knowledge in the functioning system. The model of computable general balance gauged on the data of the matrix of social accounting of Chad for 2000, showed that there will be a contraction of the manufacturing sector, a growth in buildings and services sectors, a development of a consumption society but not of production resulting in the increase of the importation, and a rural-urban migratory movement ; La notion de syndrome hollandais n'est pas une notion nouvelle mais elle reste toujours d'actualité car l'expansion pétrolière dans un pays en développement produit des effets pervers dans l'économie du pays qui se traduit par la contraction des secteurs produisant des biens échangeables en dehors du secteur en boom et le développement des secteurs produisant des biens non échangeables. Cette thèse se propose à la lumière des théories économiques d'analyser l'impact qu'aura l'exploitation du pétrole au ...