The main objective of this working paper is to pinpoint the role of context in structuring the career opportunities for women (and men) in the early stages of academic occupations, in order to elaborate self-tailored action plans for equality, that take national, regional and cultural specificities into account. It is premised on the need to analyze the societal and institutional environments of young scientists in terms of the structure of opportunities and constraints offered by various “welfareâ€, “genderâ€, “care†and “employment†regimes. Seven countries are studied: Austria, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, The Netherlands, Slovenia and Switzerland. This chapter concerns the Belgian case.