Prior to the excavations at Kerkhove-Stuw, carried out in 2015-2016 by GATE bvba and Ghent University, data gathered through manual and mechanical coring demonstrated the presence of Mesolithic occupations on the top of a Late Glacial levee, adjacent to a palaeochannel of the river Scheldt. The presence of thick packets of Holocene peat and alluvial deposits on top of the levee indicated good preservation conditions for both the archaeological and environmental remains. Subsequent excavations over a surface of ca . 4000 m² led to the discovery of thirteen lithic concentrations dating from the early to the late Mesolithic, which were all fully exca-vated. The first 14C-dates on burnt hazelnut shells, however, suggest that the main occupation took place in the first half of the Boreal. Within these clusters, nine possible surface hearths could be derived from the spatial clustering of severely burnt lithic and organic residu, e.g. burnt hazelnut shells and calcined bone fragments. Besides lithics and burnt/charred organic remains, the site exceptionally yielded unburnt faunal remains. Despite their fragmentation, the analysis demonstrates the dominance of roe deer and wild boar, next to fur animals and numerous fish remains. High-resolution multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental research mainly focused on the channel infilling, which consists of calcareous gyttja covered by peat. According to the first results, sedimentation started in the Late Glacial (probably Younger Dryas) and continued during the Early to Middle Holocene. During the Mesolithic occupations the Scheldt seemingly was already reduced to a shallow, slow running stream, however with an abundant riparian vegetation. The latter was exploited by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers for tool production (basketry, nets, ropes, etc .), as indicated by the wear traces on numerous flint tools.