Abstract Background The use of electronic devices (smartphones, laptops,...) has gradually become a common activity among primary school children. Especially children's excessive use of elec-tronic games has been increasingly considered an important Public Health issue. This study explored the effects of personal and social factors on gaming behaviour in primary school children. Methods A survey was conducted in primary school children in Flanders (Belgium), 2016. Overall 8,444 children, mainly 9 to 11 years old, were included. First, descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a multinominal logistic regression was performed to analyse gaming behaviour. Results Overall, 27% (n = 2,277), 25% (n = 2,108), 29% (n = 2,453) and 19% (n = 1,606) of the participating children showed a low, moderate, frequent and very frequent level of gaming behaviour, respectively. Gender differences were statistically significant, with boys showing more moderate, frequent and very frequent gaming behaviour. Further, chances for gaming were higher among children with a more frequent consumption of high sugar content soda, chips and candies. Conclusions More frequent gaming in boys can already be observed in primary school. How-ever, further research is needed to explore the development of this behaviour over longer time periods. Further results might provide useful information for developing effective prevention strategies concerning excessive gaming behaviour among primary school children. Key messages Excessive gaming behaviour is already present in 9 to 11 years old children. It might be useful to develop effective prevention strategies regarding excessive gaming in primary school children.