This Ph.D. thesis is a comprehensive exploration of the impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy demands, final energy consumption, thermal comfort, and greenhouse gas emissions for residential buildings in Belgium. It encompasses both short-term (recurrent heatwaves) and long-term (global warming) climate change effects, with a specific focus on cooling systems. The research employs a simulation/numerical model, adopting a bottom-up approach to characterize the Belgian residential building stock. The thesis is divided into three main parts, each addressing critical aspects of the research: Part 1 - Cooling Systems Review and Data Collection: In this section, two extensive studies delve into cooling technologies in Europe. The first chapter categorizes and analyzes alternative space cooling methods, highlighting the need for further development to enhance their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The second chapter focuses on integrated active cooling systems, evaluating their resilience to challenges such as heatwaves and power outages. Part 2 - Methodological Framework: This part lays the foundation for the thesis, comprising two key studies. The first study deals with the creation of weather data, an essential component for understanding climate impacts. The second study establishes the framework used throughout the thesis to calculate heating and cooling energy needs under various weather scenarios. Part 3 - Application and Data Analysis: This section encompasses two pivotal studies. The first explores the practical application of resilient cooling systems within the building stock, emphasizing adaptable solutions in response to changing climate conditions. The second assesses the integration of both electricity-driven and gas-driven heat pumps into the building stock, examining their impact on energy consumption. The following provides a concise summary of vital practical insights and recommendations derived from the research: • Alternative Cooling Technologies: Several alternative cooling ...