Open Access to scholarly literature has become a popular concept that rapidly catapulted onto the (European) science policy-making stage. In particular, since its inception some 20 years ago by the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), there has been an idea that the conventional subscription-based system of scientific journal publishing should be gradually replaced with free online access worldwide. Because research results reported in such publications are often paid for through public funding, suggests a common argument, broader societal groups, practitioners, and other scholars should have immediate and unrestricted access to them. However, translating this vision into practice reveals a number of varying and at times conflicting interests and goals of involved actors. The controversies around Open Access range from the two main implementation models (the so-called Green and Golden roads to Open Access) that were initially proposed as complementary by the BOAI but have increasingly grown to be seen as competitive by their respective proponents, to more recent national and international science-policy interventions that aim to achieve 100% Open Access by a certain target year. By taking the example of negotiations between Dutch research universities and the scientific publishing company Elsevier, in this thesis I investigate how different expectations are attached to the proposed transition to full Open Access, how it has started to affect actual publication practices, and how it could ultimately re-order the whole academic publishing system according to a novel economic logic of author-side publishing fees. For this purpose, I have conducted a case study which includes interviews with negotiation team members and researchers in the Netherlands as well as Open Access monitoring statistics and other empirical materials. Building on Grounded Theory and Situational Analysis approaches as well as infrastructure studies and re-infrastructuring as my overall theoretical framework, I show how controversies around ...