Reductions in nitrogen oxides over the Netherlands between 2005 and 2018 observed from space and on the ground : Decreasing emissions and increasing O3 indicate changing NOx chemistry

Satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns are valuable for monitoring long-term changes in air quality. However, direct linkage of satellite-derived NO2 trends with changes in underlying NOx emissions and NOx surface concentrations is complicated by the contribution of background NO2 to the column, by changes in the chemical regime wherein emissions take place, and by data sampling differences. Here we study the 2005–2018 changes in nitrogen oxides concentrations over the polluted Netherlands. We use the QA4ECV OMI NO2 retrievals, RIVM surface measurements of NO, NO2, and O3, wet depo... Mehr ...