Corruption in Rural Java During The Colonial Government in The Netherlands India

Theoritically, the colonial government adheres to the principle of indirect rule. In this principle, the colonial bureaucracy was only at the district level. The Regent was the supreme authority in the indigenous administration. In every district, colonial government placed a resident assistant as regent partner. As the supreme authority in the indigenous community, the regents had a structured apparatus underneath which includes the district (kawedanan) and under district (kecamatan). The village (desa) was an autonomous institution that did not have a hierarchy of the institutions on it (kec... Mehr ...