OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between elements of practice organization related to stroke prevention in general practice, and suboptimal preventive care preceding the occurrence of stroke. DESIGN: This study was conducted among 69 Dutch general practitioners in the Rotterdam region. Information on the implementation of elements of practice organization related to stroke prevention was collected by postal questionnaire. Data on the process of patient care were collected by means of chart review and interviews with general practitioners. Cases of stroke (n = 186) were retrospectively audited by an expert panel with guideline-based review criteria. Using logistic regression analysis we investigated the relationship between the probability of suboptimal care delivery and the presence of specific elements of practice organization related to stroke prevention (tailored information systems, formal delegation of preventive tasks, standardization of care). RESULTS: For some elements of practice organization significant relationships with the quality of stroke prevention were found. Suboptimal care was less common among general practitioners with a higher level of noting high risk