The Resilience of Democracy in the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Democratic Compensators in Belgium, the Netherlands and France

Building on an original dataset compiling data on exceptional measures taken daily in European regions, the EXCEPTIUS dataset1, this paper focuses on decisions made since the start of the pandemic outbreak in Europe to assess the resilience of democratic governance in times of exceptionalism in Belgium, the Netherlands and France. This case selection offers variation on the resilience of democracy in times of Covid, namely the balance between restrictions and democratic compensators.