Multi-Track Diplomacy Fiqh of Nahdlatul Ulama in Countering Islamophobia in Netherlands

Islamophobia is a global issue, leading to discrimination, violence, and hatred against Muslims in the Netherlands. In response to this, the Special Branch of Nahdlatul Ulama of the Netherlands (PCINU of the Netherlands) is among the Indonesian diaspora campaigning for the moderation of “Islam Nusantara” through multi-track diplomacy fiqh, a holistic approach emphasizing interdependence in politics, economics, and socio-culture. This paper discusses the multi-track diplomacy fiqh of PCINU of the Netherlands in fighting against Islamophobia in the country. As a non-governmental socio-religious... Mehr ...