Tracking and sense of futility: the impact of between school tracking versus within school tracking in secondary education in Flanders (Belgium)

It has been established since the 1960s that tracking yields negative consequences for students in lower tracks. As this research has been carried out mainly in the US and UK, the effects of tracking have been demonstrated in systems of within-school tracking mostly. However, in many European countries—such as Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands—tracking is commonly organized between schools. The question then arises whether the specific system of tracking, within-school versus between-school tracking, might affect the impact of tracking on students. In Flanders between-school tracking is t... Mehr ...