Regression-Based Norms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in the Dutch Population: Improving Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Background/Aims: Appropriate and timely screening instruments that sensitively capture the cognitive functioning of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are the need of the hour. We evaluated newly derived regression-based norms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in a Dutch-speaking sample, as an indicator of the cognitive state of MS patients. Methods: Regression-based norms for the SDMT were created from a healthy control sample ( n = 96) and used to convert MS patients' ( n = 157) raw scores to demographically adjusted Z-scores, correcting for the effects of age, age 2 , gender, and ed... Mehr ...