Background: In-line skate injuries are highly preventable by the use of protective gear. We investigated how young Dutch skaters protect themselves and what factors predict the use of protective gear in order to develop campaigns to increase their safety behaviour. Methods: A survey was conducted to study protection behaviour of 872 Dutch skaters and factors influencing the use of protective gear. Written questionnaires were used, measuring behaviour and social psychological determinants towards the use of protective behaviour. Results: Protective gear was not often used: 36% used wrist guards, 28% used kneepads, 14% used elbow pads and 5% used helmets. The use of protective gear was influenced by social influences, self-efficacy expectations and intention (R-2=54%). Conclusions: The present study shows that young Dutch skaters should improve their safety behaviour in order to prevent skate injuries. Furthermore, the study provides clear recommendations for developing prevention programmes.