Netherlands: Education for democratic citizenship in Dutch schools: A bumpy road

Highlights Constitutional freedom of education affects democratic citizenship education policy. Citizenship education legislation in 2006 and 2007 placed little demands on schools. Legislation introduced in 2021 has further specified what is expected from schools. Studies of citizenship education in practice are largely critical of the extent to which schools teach about, through and for democracy. Purpose: This paper discusses developments in citizenship education policy and practice in the Netherlands, and outlines key challenges as faced by the different stakeholders involved. Design/method... Mehr ...