Retoryka w praktyce : "Papieren oorlog" i początki propagandy : ikonograficzne druki ulotne w Niderlandach w latach 1565-1584 ; Rhetoric in practice : „Papieren oorlog” and the beginning of modern propaganda : iconographic leaflets in the Netherlands, 1565-1584

The Dutch Revolt was waged not only on the battlefields. Maybe more important than soldiers and commanders were writers, engravers and printers who fought in the same time with their pens and words. The first two decades of the Eighty Years’ War are often called in the Dutch literature as Papieren oorlog - war on paper. Each party of this conflict based on religion and politics based made use of propaganda for the first time in the history on mass scale. The main aim of this article is to present dissemination and censorship methods connected with spreading of leaflets, broadsides and especial... Mehr ...