Backward and forward effects of Dutch agriculture

Agriculture induces production in other industries. In this paper, a method is introduced to calculate forward and backward effects of Dutch agriculture, avoiding double counting. Including export trade services among the forward effects and depreciation among the backward effects, the input-output table is used to assess the effects on value added of agricultural exports (5.6%) and of consumption of agricultural products (2.9%). Including all indirect effects, only 17% of the total value added from agricultural exports was attributable to the agricultural sector itself.