Oil as the main power source in economic and politics play an important role in political and economic changes in oil governments and in one of the most important factors of power. But it should be said that just owning oil in any case, will not cause economic growth and development. So, in this research, by comparison investigation of oil role in Norway and Iran economic, we will answer to this question that why oil income has not led to economic development in Iran but in Norway it has made economic development? The hypothesis in the answer to this question which be examined in the context of this article is that differences in oil income management and policy making between Iran and Norway is the main reason of their differences in economic development. Research findings demonstrate that National dependence of Iran to petroleum and spending oil in line with government revenues and spending of current government have different consequences. On the contrary of Iran, Norway instead of emphasizing natural assets, focused on human development and use petroleum wealth as a support and development engine and by preventing the entry of oil revenues to the current state budget and saving it in foreign exchange reserves and by excellent management try to invest outside of the country and by avoiding turning the country and government into a rentier state, use this blessing in light of improving economical, political, social and cultural programs.