Measuring (sub)national identities in surveys. Some lessons from Belgium

Identity is a concept often used in political science. Measuring national and subnational identities is done frequently in countries facing discussion about territorial (re)organization. In Belgium there is also a tradition of measuring national and subnational identities, most often by using the Linz-Moreno question. In this paper we compare three different types of measurements and conclude that they do not exactly measure the same phenomenon.