Abstract: Most central banks issue stock that is held by the government and/or commercial banks and is not tradable. In contrast, stocks of the central banks of Belgium and Japan are traded on the Brussels and Tokyo stock exchanges. The purpose of the paper is to examine this unique phenomenon of stock market valuation of central banks. Our analysis shows that shares of these two central banks have performed poorly. We also investigate the factors affecting central bank stock returns and find that the stock market return is the only statistically significant determinant. Neither the assets held by the central bank nor the countrys macroeconomic factors show strong and stable relationships with central bank stock returns. An event study using recent data from Japan shows that the effect of certain macroeconomic events on the value of the Bank of Japan stock is statistically insignificant. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.