In a recent study, a population of Fusarium strains isolated from maize that was closely related to F. subglutinans was described as a new species, Fusarium temperatum J. Scauflaire & F. Munaut (Scauflaire et al. in press). In several temperate regions of Europe, the F. temperatum:F. subglutinans ratio is very high in fields, suggesting that F. temperatum competes its sister species F. subglutinans (Moretti et al. 2008). This raised the question of the contribution of this novel species to the final rot symptoms observed on maize plants at harvest, as well as to the potential mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, pathogenicity on maize plants in greenhouse conditions and in vitro mycotoxigenic potential of F. temperatum were analyzed in this study and compared to other Fusarium species.