Subsidence Evolution of Antwerp Region, Belgium over 77 Years, Using Historical Levelling and GNSS Data and Recent Persistent Scatterers Interferometry Observations

peer reviewed ; A combination of historical levelling surveys, recent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) campaign, and Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) measurements reveal that the harbour of Antwerp in Belgium has been sinking for the last 77 years. By integrating recently acquired data using PSI and historic databases, this study aims to provide the longest possible time series of data coverage for ground deformation in Antwerp. All data on subsidence in the area is assessed using multiple techniques and has been coherently included in a Geographic Information System (GIS).... Mehr ...