Remnants of lithalsas of the hautes fagnes, Belgium: A summary of present-day knowledge

peer reviewed ; This article summarizes current knowledge about the viviers of the Hautes Fagnes Plateau, Belgium. They are best explained as remnants of isolated, elongate lithalsas and lithalsa plateaus. The ice that constituted them was segregation ice formed not only within the permafrost, but also above it (aggradational ice). The lithalsas formed in discontinuous permafrost. The lack of peat during growth implies an annual average temperature of -5 to -6°C in accordance with a model by Seppälä. Data are summarized from nine cuttings made through vivier ramparts. The stratigraphic evidenc... Mehr ...