The side growth of lithalsas: some comments on observations in northern Québec

Based on observations in northern Québec and Belgium, the author infers that lithalsas in northern Québec are modern analogues of the enclosed and ramparted depressions that occur on the Hautes Fagnes plateau, Belgium. It is hypothesised that the growth of these lithalsas occurs not only by vertical heave associated with ice segregation within mineral material but also by lateral frost thrusting. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.