History of ecological sciences: 51. Formalizing marine ecology, 1870s to 1920s

Marine ecology arose from three developments during the 1870s: founding of marine biological stations in Europe and America, voyages of research, especially H.M.S. Challenger, and plankton research, initiated at the University of Kiel. “Mac” McIntosh (1985:49–57) provided a bibliographical guide to the history of marine ecology. Eric Mills’ Biological Oceanography: An Early History, 1870–1960 (1989) is actually limited in scope to the history of plankton research. Marine ecology history is mostly embedded within the context of the history of oceanography, which has an extensive literature (inc... Mehr ...