In a societal context influenced by a real politics legitimacy crisis and a declared revival of the local democracy, projects related to land use planning are steadily out in the open in France, Belgium and Quebec as much in the regulation scope as in the practices. Citizens demand more information openness and a right of inspection on decisions running local life. Thus, geographic information as a support for collective reflections remains a real challenge, as it is most of the time in the scope of complex projects. The question of geographic information within the territorial reflection systems, implying involvement time, is de facto begged. This thesis questions in particular the uses of spatial representation (created by geomatic technologies), through the concept of involvement, access and adoption. From a methodological point of view, the realised research puts into perspective, in an original manner with respect to social geography, a Delphi study and explorative case studies, which describe the spatial representation forms used in the involvement process, the nature and the attributes of their users and the involved players motives. The results show the essential nature of a thoughtful and educational use of geographic information within a social learning process. In the same way, they emphasize the indirect use of geographic information technologies for public involvement, which nevertheless are winning public support. ; Dans des contextes sociétaux marqués par une véritable crise de légitimité du politique et une renaissance affirmée de la démocratie locale, tant dans les pratiques que dans les cadres réglementaires, les projets liés à l'aménagement du territoire sont régulièrement portés sur la place publique en France, en Belgique et au Québec. Les citoyens revendiquent davantage de transparence en matière d'information et un droit de regard sur les décisions qui rythment la vie locale. Ainsi, l'usage de l'information géographique comme support des réflexions collectives demeure un véritable défi, ...