'Papiere bolwercken'. De introductie van de Italiaanse stede- en vestingbouw in de Nederlanden (1540-1609) en het gebruik van tekeningen.

In 1540 emperor Charles V, assisted by a team of military experts, decided to provide Antwerp, the most important city of the Netherlands at that time, with a new wall designed by an Italian engineer, Donato Boni. From that moment until 1609, the year of the beginning of the Twelve Year's Truce, more than sixty Italian engineers worked in the Low Countries. These Italian engineers not only modernized the medieval walls with a new defence system based on flanking by means of bastions, but also built new settlements and citadels. Even when their military buildings were replaced by new Dutch fort... Mehr ...