In recent years, societal demand concerning livestock farming has evolved. Because of its environmental impact, the import of raw materials in order to produce animal feed is questioned. Led within the framework of the PROTECOW project, the aim of this study is to replace – partially or totally - the soybean meal used for the diets of dairy cows. The project is settled in the French-Belgian cross-border area, in the Hauts-de-France, Wallonia and Flanders regions. In order to present farms that are representative of the study area, three different models of dairy farms were created. They differ in a number of aspects linked to their surface and/or the feed ration of dairy cows. Simulations that has been made with these models of farms led to representative solutions (at least at the time of the study) that satisfy regional actor's expectations. Solutions impact the farms at different levels: from simple changes in the feed supply to a complete change of the practices. The selected solutions are the following; replacement of soybean meal with rapeseed meal, set up of forage catch crop for cattle feed, improvement of the quality of grass silage, self-consumption of faba bean and conversion to organic farming. All the simulations lead to a significant reduction of the soybean meal incorporation’s, from -14 % and -100 %. The majority of the simulations (4/5) allows a favorable evolution of economic indicators in regards to the initial situation. ; Ces dernières années, la demande sociétale concernant l'élevage a évolué. De par son impact environnemental, l'importation de matières premières destinées à la fabrication d'aliment du bétail est remise en cause. Menée dans le cadre du projet PROTECOW, cette étude, vise à remplacer tout ou partie du tourteau de soja incorporé dans les rations des vaches laitières. Le projet est ancré dans la zone transfrontalière franco-belge, sur les régions Hauts-de-France, Wallonie et Flandre. Afin de présenter des exploitations représentatives du territoire d'étude, trois exploitations ...