AbstractWelfare Quality® is the acronym of an European research project focussing on the integration of animal welfare in the food quality chain: from public concern to improved welfare and transparent quality. The project aims to accommodate societal concerns and market demands, to develop reliable on-farm monitoring systems, product information systems, and practical species-specific strategies to improve animal welfare. Forty-four institutes and universities, representing 20 countries participate in this integrated research project concerning 3 animal species (cattle, pigs and chicken). From 2007 dairy buffalo has been also included in the list. Welfare Quality® has been co-financed by the European Commission, within the 6th Framework Programme. In this paper the development of a monitoring system to assess buffalo welfare is described.