This article aims to study the cultural transformation Guanacaste sabaneros (cow-boys) in the new context of the regional economy, which in turn, impacts the cattle ranch of the province of Guanacaste. A qualitative methodology based on the life stories of the sabaneros was used for the study. A total of 26 reports were made between 2012 and 2014.Among the main findings of the study are the following: The Sabanero culture was built inside the hacienda at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. However, the development of the productive forces and the struggle for land provoked a fragmentation of the hacienda, this lead to contradictions among the sabaneros themselves, between them and the peasants, and also class contradictions. Fragmentation reduced the size of the hacienda, and the emergence of capitalism more fully in the field of agriculture led little by little to the transformation in the culture of the Sabanero. These transformations made the traditional sabaneros coexist: the transformed ones who work on small farms, those who are linked to tourism to exploit their image, and those who assume culture as a way of life without working directly as Sabaneros. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la transformación de la cultura de los sabaneros (vaqueros) guanacastecos a partir del nuevo contexto de la economía regional, que a su vez, impacta a la hacienda ganadera de la provincia de Guanacaste. Para el estudio se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en relatos de vida de los sabaneros. Se realizaron un total de 26 relatos entre 2012 y el 2014.Dentro de los principales hallazgos del estudio se tienen los siguientes: La cultura del sabanero se construye al interior de la hacienda a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX; sin embargo, el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas, la lucha por la tierra provoca una fragmentación de la hacienda, esto conlleva a contradicciones entre los mismos sabaneros, de estos con los campesinos y a contradicciones de clases; la fragmentación ...